Athena

Parthenon and Virgin Goddess: Athena is often referred to as Athena Parthenos, emphasising her virgin status. The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena in Athens, symbolises her virginity and is a significant cultural and architectural landmark.

Parentage: Athena's unique birth is a result of Zeus swallowing her mother, Metis, after a prophecy warned that Metis would bear a child more powerful than Zeus himself. Athena emerged fully grown and armoured from Zeus's forehead.

Attributes and Symbols: Athena is commonly depicted with a helmet, shield, and spear, emphasising her association with warfare. The owl, particularly the little owl, is a sacred bird to Athena and symbolises wisdom. The olive tree is another important symbol, representing peace and prosperity.

Goddess of Wisdom: Athena is revered as the goddess of wisdom, intelligence, and strategic warfare. Her wisdom is often contrasted with the more impulsive and chaotic nature of Ares, the god of war.

Protector of Athens: Athena is the patron goddess of the city of Athens. According to myth, she won a contest against Poseidon to become the city's protector by offering the olive tree as a gift to the Athenians. The Parthenon on the Acropolis is dedicated to her.

Aegis and Gorgon's Head: Athena's shield, called the Aegis, often bears the head of the Gorgon Medusa. The Gorgon's head is a symbol of protection, and its gaze is believed to have protective powers.

Craftsmanship: Athena is also associated with craftsmanship and is said to have taught humans various skills, including weaving and pottery. The creation of the first flute is also attributed to her.

Role in the Iliad: Athena is a prominent figure in Homer's "Iliad," where she supports the Greeks, particularly the hero Odysseus, during the Trojan War. She is known for her strategic counsel and assistance in battle.

Myth of Arachne: In the myth of Arachne, Athena competes with a mortal weaver named Arachne. When Arachne's skills surpass even those of the goddess, Athena transforms her into a spider as punishment.

Cultural Impact: Athena's influence extends beyond mythology and into the cultural and artistic heritage of ancient Greece. She is a symbol of wisdom, civilisation, and strategic prowess.

Roman Equivalent: In Roman mythology, Athena is identified with Minerva, the goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare.

Athena's multifaceted nature as a goddess of wisdom, warfare, and craftsmanship reflects the complex values of ancient Greek society. She is celebrated for her intelligence, strategic acumen, and contributions to the betterment of humanity.